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78
Figure 2.
(A) Building model in Design Builder; (B) External wall model in Design Builder
The same criteria for simulation as used by Pause et al. (2016) was adopted, with a change in
occupational rate and the set point temperature of 25°C was assumed. The thermal properties for
materials (conductivity, specific heat and density) were taken from NBR 15520-2 (ABNT, 2008).
For the envelope, the transmittance value (U) was calculated and verified by Design Builder. The
external walls presented 3.02 W/m².K, internal walls 2,49 W/m².K, roof 2,2 W/m².K and windows,
with green glass (6 mm), 5,8 W/m².K. Finally, the simulation was carried out for the building during
8760 hours and the electricity consumption (in kWh) per year was obtained.
The CO
2eq
emission factors (FCO
2
) adopted for Brazilian electricity generation were taken from the
site of the
Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia
(MCTI, 2016) for the years between 2006 and 2015,
with the adoption of: (1) a minimum factor (FCO
2min
) of 0.025 kgCO
2eq
/kWh (considering the growth
of the share of renewable sources); (2) an average factor (FCO
2med
) of 0.064 kgCO
2eq
/kWh
(considering a scenario close to the recent years, with greater hydraulic participation) and (3) a
maximum factor (FCO
2max
) of 0.135 kgCO
2eq
/kWh (scenario with growth of thermal sources). This
approach allowed to evaluate different possibilities, given a considerable degree of uncertainty of
Brazilian future electrical matrix.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of electricity consumption for the three occupational density scenarios are presented in
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Energy consumption in school